Understanding and Mitigating Vehicular Ramming Attacks: Proactive Security Strategies

Vehicular ramming attacks have tragically occurred twice within a twelve-day period: first at a Christmas market in Magdeburg, Germany, resulting in five fatalities and over 200 injuries; and then on New Year's Day in New Orleans, causing at least ten deaths and numerous injuries.

The attack in Germany appears to have been a classic "lone wolf" incident, which would have been difficult for security personnel to anticipate. The situation in New Orleans is currently under thorough investigation, and more information will emerge soon. These events underscore the very real risk of vehicular ramming attacks for both government and private organizations, highlighting the importance of having detection and mitigation strategies in place to address such threats.

 

For some security professionals, vehicular attacks might not seem like the most imminent threat. However, vehicle attacks on property and individuals are, in fact, quite common. The use of a vehicle to harm people is comparable to an active shooter scenario. Perpetrators may be motivated by ideology, mental instability, or simple greed. Terrorists and deranged individuals can execute an attack with minimal prior training and experience. Increasingly, thieves use cars to ram ATM machines or smash display windows at retail stores. While their takings might be small, the expense to the targeted organization is often substantial. Additionally, some individuals use vehicles to express their rage toward others.

Certain terrorist groups have specifically encouraged their followers to use vehicles to attack civilians, even providing detailed instructions on how to do so through social media and digital publications. Since 2006, at least Twenty large-scale terrorist attacks have occurred ^[1]. It's reasonable to expect more to follow. The bottom line is that incidents involving vehicles used to attack crowds, buildings, and targeted locations are likely to continue rising.

 

[1] CNN, Terrorist Attacks by Vehicle Fast Facts. https://www.cnn.com/2017/05/03/world/terrorist-attacks-by-vehicle-fast-facts/index.html

 

The convenience and efficiency of using vehicles to mount attacks are evident. Cars and trucks are ubiquitous and easy to obtain. Anyone with the intent and means to compromise your security can buy, rent, steal, or carjack a vehicle—and then use it as a weapon against structures or pedestrians. According to FBI statistics, a vehicle is stolen every 46 seconds in the United States, with 25% of these being trucks. Terrorists often prefer trucks for their attacks because they are load-bearing, have a fast acceleration rate, metal outer frames, dual wheels, and slightly raised chassis.

 

Terrorists and malicious actors often modify vehicles before carrying out an attack. They might reinforce the suspension for heavy loads or rough rides. Raised chassis can enable the vehicle to mount curbs and other barriers, while dual rear wheels make it easier to run over victims. Awareness of such modifications can help security professionals identify potential threats.

Pre-attack indicators may include:

• Mapping the route of the attack
• Conducting surveillance on the intended location
• Assessing vehicles for roadworthiness

Unusual behavior can also be a warning. For example, someone loitering or parking in a location for extended periods without a clear reason could signal bad intentions. Additionally, a perpetrator unfamiliar with operating a large vehicle they have recently rented or stolen might drive erratically, which is another red flag.

 

Physical barriers are most effective when paired with advanced surveillance systems. For instance, a serpentine barrier setup allows security personnel to observe and assess visitors before threats escalate.

Key considerations for using surveillance effectively:

• Camera Monitoring: Who watches the cameras? Are they trained to recognize threats?
• Access Control: How are entry points secured?
• Field of View: Are cameras positioned to monitor critical areas?
• Remote Monitoring: If in-house monitoring isn’t feasible, consider an external security firm for 24/7 coverage.

Video analytics software can enhance threat detection by analyzing multiple camera feeds simultaneously, often faster and more accurately than human observers.